博文英语 - 英语在线 四六级

NO1：polite  

四级释义：a.有礼貌的，客气的；有教养的[2000-2009 四级考试出现：8次]

扩展释义：

polite

adj.

有礼貌的, 客气的, 有教养的, 文雅的

Too Polite!
太有礼貌!

She is polite.
她有礼貌。

Not polite; discourteous.
不礼貌的；失礼的

Be polite to sb.
对人有礼貌

She is excessively polite.
她极为有礼。

(1)、

73. A) reserved   B) hard-working C) polite      D) frank[2001年1月]

(2)、

A) Talk to them directly in a mild way         B)  Complain to their parents politely[2008年12月]

(3)、

    People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior, says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. But politics derives from the word ’polite’. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.[2004年6月]

(4)、

C) cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition[2005年6月]

(5)、

　　Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. First, formal language tends to be more polite. What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or a family member “Close the door, please.” But to a stranger, I probably would say, “Would you mind closing the door?” Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. There are bound to be some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Let’s say that I really like soccer. If I am talking to my friend, I might say, “I am just crazy about soccer.” But if I were talking to my boss, I would probably say, “I really enjoy soccer.”[2006年12月]

(6)、

　　44. What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite.[2006年12月]

(7)、

44. What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite[2006年12月]

(8)、

Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.[2008年12月]

(9)、

   “He patiently waited, then when I was done, he said he would like Chinese New Year off, not the Western New Year. He explained politely that in his culture the new year did not begin January first, and that Chinese New year, which is tied to the lunar cycle, is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar. Needless to say, I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up. But I learned a great deal about assumptions, and that the timing of holidays varies considerably form culture to culture.[2009年6月]

(10)、

　　You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in. This is very (36)____. All languages have two general levels of (37)___: a formal level and an informal level. English is no (38)___. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a (39)____ level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, (40)____ books and in business letters. You would also use formal English in compositions and (41)___ that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with (42)___, family members and friends, and when we write (43)____ notes or letters to close friends. Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. First, formal language tends to be more polite. (44)______________________________________For example, I might say to a friend or a family member “Close the door, please”, (45) _________________________. Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. (46)____________________________. Let’s say that I really like soccer. If I am talking to my friend, I might say “I am just crazy about soccer”, but if I were talking to my boss, I would probably say “I really enjoy soccer”.[2006年12月]

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NO2：bottom  

四级释义：n.底；末尾；臀部a.最低的vi.(out)达最低点[2000-2009 四级考试出现：8次]

扩展释义：

bottom

n.

底, 底部, 尽头, 末端

adj.

底部的

vt.

装底, 查明真相, 测量深浅

vi.

到达底部, 建立基础

bottom number
底数

shaft bottom
井底车场

bottom topographic survey
海底地形测量

Having no bottom.
无底的没有底部的

rock bottom price
最低价格

(1)、

 B) A car at the bottom of the hill.[2000年1月]

(2)、

       It's difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It's so vast, so deep, so mysterious. Unfortunately, it's not bottomless. Over-fishing, coupled with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and ruining their environment.[2003年1月]

(3)、

One winter day in 1891, a class of training school in Massachusetts, U. S. A, went into the gym for their daily exercises. Since the football season had ended, most of young men felt they were in for a boring time. But their teacher, Janes Nasmith had other ideas. He had been working for a long time on the new game that would have the excitement of American football. Nasmith showed the men a basket he had hung at the each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to use a round European football, at first everybody tried to throw the ball into the basket no matter where he was standing. “Pass! Pass!” Nasmith kept shouting, blowing his whistle to stop the excited players. Slowly, they began to understand what was wanted of them. The problem with the new game, which was soon called “basketball”, was getting the ball out of the basket. They used ordinary food baskets with bottoms, and the ball, of course, stayed inside. At first, someone had to climb up every time a basket was scored. It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through. There have been many changes in the rules since then, and basketball has become one of the world’s most popular sports.[2006年6月]

(4)、

It was at this point that Paul noticed his own car rolling slowly down the hill and going too fast for him to stop it. It crashed into a bus at the bottom of the hill and was so badly damaged that it had to be pulled away to a garage.[2000年1月]

(5)、

    C)Under his bottom       D)On his lap[2005年6月]

(6)、

  Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believe that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying very closely is Europe, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europe has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europe has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to from. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe three might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europe’s ocean. They may have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to from. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europe’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming.[2009年12月]

(7)、

35.A)By removing the bottom of the basket.   B)By lowering the position of the basket.[2006年6月]

(8)、

"If you aren't too late," Larry says, "you climb out onto the cold steel and try to talk to the poor, and pull him anyhow back to safety. For many suicide attempts are made on the spur of the moment, and lives can be saved. But if you fall, if the person jumps into the bottomless pool, there's no describing how helpless you feel. Often, would - be jumpers are driven to despair and see no hope out of their misery. The trick is to open channels of communication with them. Following are some tricks that have worked: 'If you're going to jump, at least give me your mom's phone number so I can call and tell her. 'Or' That's a nice watch. If you're going to jump, can I have it?' Sometimes, all it takes is the voice of the human being who cares."[2003年9月]

(9)、

A Better bottom Line[2009年6月]

(10)、

   It's difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It's so vast, so deep, so (S1) _______. Unfortunately, it's not bottomless. Over-fishing, (S2) _________ with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and (S3) _________ their environment.[2003年1月]

(11)、

　　Now you are ready to show your talent at eating pies. The object of course, is to get the bottom of the pie plate before the other people. It is usually better to start at the outside and work toward the middle. This method gives you a goal to focus on. Try not to notice what the other people near your are doing. Let the cheers from the crowd spur you on. But don’t look up. All you should think about is eating that pie.[2005年6月]

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NO3：factors  

四级释义：n.因素，要素[2000-2009 四级考试出现：8次] (1)、

M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an element of stress is a good thing. And if used the right way can actually be positive thing.[2009年12月]

(2)、

25. What are the key factors that determine the salary of the new position?[2007年12月]

(3)、

   As researchers learn more about how children's intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence - the child's understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity - are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children's achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learning that is language- related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.[2002年6月]

(4)、

65 The same factors push wages and prices u together, the one _______ the other.[2001年1月]

(5)、

Experts have long recognized that this discouraging problem has multiple causes. At the very least it is a problem that involves three factors: the driver, the vehicle and the roadway. If all drivers exercised good judgement at all times, there would be few accidents. But this is rather like saying that if all people were honest, there would be no crime. Improved design has helped to make highways much safer. But the title of accidents continues to rise because of human failure and an enormous increase in the number of automobiles on the road. Attention is now turning increasingly to the third factor of the accident are the car itself. Since people assume that the accidents are bound to occur, they want to know how cars can be built better to protect the drivers.[2001年1月]

(6)、

    Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.[2005年1月]

(7)、

　　Students base their selection on a great variety of factors. For some, the first thing they bear in mind is if the professor excels at his or her field and conveys his or her idea with humor and passion, etc. For others, the crucial factor is that if the teacher is mild in grading their essays or papers.[2006年6月]

(8)、

D) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.[2005年1月]

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NO4：tastes  

四级释义：n.滋味；鉴赏力；爱好vt.品尝vi.有…味道[2000-2009 四级考试出现：8次] (1)、

 D) usually introduced to satisfy different tastes[2001年6月]

(2)、

   A)To suit changing tastes of young consumers.[2005年12月]

(3)、

C) Someone who can't put up with others' tastes.[2003年9月]

(4)、

    Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete. And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. ”Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumes-especially young people-see as part of a modem, innovative(创新的)world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know than Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.[2005年12月]

(5)、

2. A) This apple pie tastes very good.[2000年1月]

(6)、

B) personal tastes are not something to be challenged[2003年9月]

(7)、

　　The approach of the Chinese Lunar New Year poses a national issue concerning the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Its established status is being challenged by a growing number of people, especially by younger generations. It is increasingly difficult to cater for all tastes.[2006年12月]

(8)、

    The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rater, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “We’re making products in those countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive.[2005年12月]

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NO5：violence  

四级释义：n.暴力，强暴；猛烈，剧烈，强烈[2000-2009 四级考试出现：8次]

扩展释义：

violence : [ 'vaiələns ] 
n. 暴力

例句与用法:
1. She slammed the door with violence.
   她砰的一声用力关上了门。
2. The young man was charged with robbery with violence.
   这个年轻人被控暴力抢劫。

Meaningless violence
缬媚嘲旆？藉助於某事物

violence theory
暴力论

Violence begets more violence.
暴力引起更多暴力

They will meet violence with violence.
他们将用暴力来对付暴力。

Capable of violence.
暴力倾向

(1)、

39．[A] 本题为细节辨认题。文章倒数第三段unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence说明在20世纪50年代，教室暴力是闻所未闻之事。[2002年1月]

(2)、

    Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. It's not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.[2004年1月]

(3)、

　　In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.[2002年1月]

(4)、

D) Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field[2005年6月]

(5)、

   A) They are victims of family violence           B) They are of an interior social group[2009年12月]

(6)、

　　A) by resorting to violence　　　　　　　　　　C) by taking legal action[2002年1月]

(7)、

29. A) Family violence    B) The Great Depression   C) Her father’s disloyalty     D) Her mother’s bad temper[2008年6月]

(8)、

　　It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the lastcouple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (残酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (冲突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox's smell, which the dogs follow.[2002年1月]

(9)、

39. In the 1950s, classroom violence[2002年1月]

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